The different dimensions of jihadism
November 2023
On 16 November 2023, the Elcano Royal Institute, in collaboration with US authorities, hosted the 10th Forum on Global Terrorism, a high-level conference that analysed the current state of terrorism and the continuing threat it poses. The audience included Spanish authorities from the Ministry of Interior, renowned researchers such as Carola Calvo, European experts and members of the Embassy and the FBI dedicated to combating terrorism.
Jihadist terrorism, on a global scale, has experienced three distinct phases and is currently in its fourth stage. The initial phases were marked by intense terrorist activity, posing a lethal threat globally, regionally and locally in the countries where its leaders and fighters operated.
The first phase dates back to the 11 September 2001 attacks by al-Qaeda in the United States, triggering a war on terrorism, mainly led by the West, especially the United States. During this phase, several attacks took place in the West, with the 11 March 2004 attack in Madrid being one of the most lethal.
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